Amaqiniso ayisihluthulelo
Phakathi kuka-2015 no-2050, inani labantu emhlabeni abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 lizocishe liphindwe kabili lisuka ku-12% liye ku-22%.
Ngo-2020, inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu lizodlula inani lezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5.
Ngo-2050, ama-80% abantu asebekhulile azobe ehlala emazweni anengeniso ephansi nephakathi.
Ijubane lokuguga kwabantu lishesha kakhulu kunangesikhathi esidlule.
Wonke amazwe abhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zawo zezempilo nezenhlalo zikulungele ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele lolu shintsho lwabantu.
Ukubuka konke
Abantu emhlabeni wonke baphila isikhathi eside. Namuhla abantu abaningi bangalindela ukuphila baze bafike eminyakeni yabo engamashumi ayisithupha nangaphezulu. Wonke amazwe emhlabeni abhekene nokukhula ngobukhulu kanye nenani labantu asebekhulile emphakathini.
Ngo-2030, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni uzobe eseneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi isabelo sabantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu sizokhula sisuka ku-1 billion ngo-2020 siye ku-1.4 billion. Ngo-2050, inani labantu emhlabeni abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu lizophindeka kabili (2.1 billion). Inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-80 noma ngaphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi liphindeke kathathu phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050 lifinyelele ku-426 million.
Nakuba lolu shintsho ekusabalaleni kwabantu bezwe luye eminyakeni yobudala - okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwabantu - lwaqala emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu (isibonelo eJapane ama-30% abantu asevele engaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), manje amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi nephakathi nendawo abhekene noshintsho olukhulu kakhulu. Ngo-2050, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu emhlabeni abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala bazohlala emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi nephakathi.
Kuchazwe ukuguga
Ezingeni lezinto eziphilayo, ukuguga kubangelwa umthelela wokuqongelela komonakalo omkhulu wama-molecule namaseli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kancane kancane amandla omzimba nengqondo, ingozi ekhulayo yezifo futhi ekugcineni ukufa. Lezi zinguquko azihambisani futhi azihambisani, futhi zihlotshaniswa kancane nobudala bomuntu ngeminyaka. Ukwehlukahluka okubonakala ebudaleni akuyona into engahleliwe. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguga kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izinguquko zokuphila njengomhlalaphansi, ukuthuthela ezindlini ezifanele kakhulu kanye nokufa kwabangane nabalingani.
Izimo zempilo ezivamile ezihambisana nokuguga
Izimo ezivamile ebudaleni zifaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ama-cataract kanye namaphutha okubuyela emuva, ubuhlungu bomhlane nentamo kanye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo samaphaphu esingapheli, isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kanye ne-dementia. Njengoba abantu bekhula, banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nezimo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuguga kubonakaliswa nokuvela kwezimo eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi zempilo ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-geriatric syndromes. Ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wezici eziningi eziyisisekelo futhi zifaka phakathi ubuthakathaka, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngomchamo, ukuwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nezilonda zokucindezeleka.
Izici ezithonya ukuguga okunempilo
Impilo ende iletha amathuba, hhayi nje kubantu asebekhulile nemindeni yabo, kodwa nasemiphakathini iyonke. Iminyaka eyengeziwe inikeza ithuba lokuphishekela imisebenzi emisha njengemfundo eyengeziwe, umsebenzi omusha noma isifiso esesinakiwe isikhathi eside. Abantu asebekhulile nabo banikela ngezindlela eziningi emindenini yabo nasemiphakathini yabo. Kodwa ubukhulu bala mathuba kanye neminikelo buxhomeke kakhulu esicini esisodwa: impilo.
Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi isilinganiso sempilo empilweni enhle sihlale sinjalo, okusho ukuthi iminyaka eyengeziwe isempilweni embi. Uma abantu bengabhekana nale minyaka eyengeziwe yokuphila besempilweni enhle futhi uma behlala endaweni esekelayo, ikhono labo lokwenza izinto abazibheka njengezibalulekile ngeke lihluke kakhulu kwelomuntu osemusha. Uma le minyaka eyengeziwe ibuswa ukwehla kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, imiphumela kubantu asebekhulile kanye nomphakathi iba mibi kakhulu.
Nakuba ezinye zezinguquko empilweni yabantu asebekhulile zisekelwe ku-genetics, iningi libangelwa yizindawo zabantu ezingokomzimba nezenhlalo - okuhlanganisa amakhaya abo, izindawo zabo zokuhlala, kanye nemiphakathi, kanye nezici zabo zomuntu siqu - njengobulili babo, ubuzwe, noma isimo sabo sezomnotho. Izindawo abantu abahlala kuzo beseyizingane - noma ngisho nasemibungu ekhulayo - kuhlanganiswe nezici zabo zomuntu siqu, zinemiphumela yesikhathi eside endleleni abaguga ngayo.
Izindawo ezingokomzimba nezenhlalo zingathinta impilo ngqo noma ngezithiyo noma izikhuthazo ezithinta amathuba, izinqumo kanye nokuziphatha kwezempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo impilo yonke, ikakhulukazi ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba njalo kanye nokugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi, konke kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ingozi yezifo ezingathelelani, ukuthuthukisa amandla omzimba nawengqondo kanye nokubambezela ukuthembela ekunakekelweni.
Izindawo ezisekelayo nezisekelayo zenza abantu bakwazi ukwenza okubalulekile kubo, naphezu kokulahlekelwa amandla. Ukutholakala kwezakhiwo zomphakathi eziphephile nezifinyelelekayo kanye nezokuthutha, kanye nezindawo ezilula ukuhambahamba kuzo, kuyizibonelo zezindawo ezisekelayo. Ekuthuthukiseni impendulo yezempilo yomphakathi ekugugeni, kubalulekile hhayi nje ukucabangela izindlela zomuntu ngamunye nezendawo ezithuthukisa ukulahlekelwa okuhlobene nokuguga, kodwa futhi nalezo ezingase ziqinise ukululama, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokukhula kwengqondo.
Izinselele ekuphenduleni ukuguga kwabantu
Akekho umuntu omdala ojwayelekile. Abanye abantu abaneminyaka engu-80 ubudala banamandla angokomzimba nangokwengqondo afana nabantu abaningi abaneminyaka engu-30 ubudala. Abanye abantu babhekana nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla abo besebancane kakhulu. Impendulo ephelele yezempilo yomphakathi kumele ibhekane nalolu hlu olubanzi lwezipiliyoni nezidingo zabantu asebekhulile.
Ukwehlukahlukana okubonakala ebudaleni akuveli ngokungahleliwe. Ingxenye enkulu ivela ezindaweni zabantu ezingokomzimba nezenhlalo kanye nomthelela walezi zindawo emathubeni abo nasekuziphatheni kwabo kwezempilo. Ubuhlobo esinabo nezindawo zethu buphazanyiswa yizici zomuntu siqu njengomndeni esazalelwa kuwo, ubulili bethu kanye nobuzwe bethu, okuholela ekungalinganini kwezempilo.
Abantu asebekhulile bavame ukubhekwa njengababuthakathaka noma abaxhomeke kumuntu futhi bangumthwalo emphakathini. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nomphakathi wonke, badinga ukubhekana nalezi kanye nezinye izimo zengqondo zokuguga, ezingaholela ekubandlululweni, zithinte indlela izinqubomgomo ezithuthukiswa ngayo kanye namathuba abantu asebekhulile abanawo okubhekana nokuguga okunempilo.
Ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe (isb. kwezokuthutha kanye nokuxhumana), ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni, ukufuduka kwabantu kanye nokushintsha kwezindinganiso zobulili kuthonya izimpilo zabantu asebekhulile ngezindlela eziqondile nezingaqondile. Impendulo yezempilo yomphakathi kumele ihlole lezi zindlela zamanje nezibikezelwe bese ihlela izinqubomgomo ngokufanele.
Impendulo ye-WHO
I-United Nations General Assembly yamemezela u-2021-2030 njengeShumi Leminyaka Lokuguga Okunempilo futhi yacela i-WHO ukuthi ihole ukuqaliswa kwalokhu. IShumi Leminyaka Lokuguga Okunempilo liwukubambisana komhlaba wonke okuhlanganisa ohulumeni, imiphakathi, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, ochwepheshe, izazi zemfundo ephakeme, abezindaba kanye nomkhakha ozimele iminyaka eyi-10 yesenzo esihlangene, esikhuthazayo nesibambisene sokukhuthaza izimpilo ezinde nezinempilo.
Leli Shumi leminyaka lakhela phezu kweSu Lomhlaba Wonke le-WHO kanye noHlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing futhi lisekela ukufezwa kwe-United Nations Agenda 2030 ngeNtuthuko Eqhubekayo kanye neMigomo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo.
Iminyaka Eyishumi Yokuguga Okunempilo (2021–2030) ihlose ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo nokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu asebekhulile, imindeni yabo kanye nemiphakathi ngokusebenzisa isenzo esihlangene ezindaweni ezine: ukushintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo, esizizwa ngayo nesiziphatha ngayo maqondana nokuguga kanye nokuguga; ukuthuthukisa imiphakathi ngezindlela ezithuthukisa amakhono abantu asebekhulile; ukuletha ukunakekelwa okuhlanganisiwe okugxile kumuntu kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo eziyisisekelo ezisabela kubantu asebekhulile; kanye nokunikeza abantu asebekhulile abakudingayo ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwekhwalithi yesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-24-2021
