Amaqiniso abalulekile
Phakathi kuka-2015 no-2050, inani labantu emhlabeni eminyakeni engama-60 lizocishe liphindeke kabili lisuka ku-12% liye kuma-22%.
Ngo-2020, inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu lizodlula izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5.
Ngo-2050, ama-80% abantu asebekhulile bazobe behlala emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi.
Ijubane lokuguga kwabantu lishesha kakhulu kunakudala.
Wonke amazwe abhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zawo zezempilo nezenhlalakahle zikulungele ukwenza konke okusemandleni kulolu shintsho lwezibalo.
Uhlolojikelele
Abantu emhlabeni wonke baphila isikhathi eside. Namuhla abantu abaningi bangalindela ukuphila eminyakeni yabo engamashumi ayisithupha nangaphezulu. Wonke amazwe emhlabeni abhekana nokukhula kokubili ngobukhulu kanye nenani labantu abadala emphakathini.
Ngo-2030, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisi-6 emhlabeni uzobe eseneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi isabelo sabantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu sizokhuphuka sisuka ku-1 bhiliyoni ngo-2020 siye ku-1.4 billion. Ngo-2050, inani labantu emhlabeni wonke elineminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu lizophindeka kabili (izigidigidi ezingu-2.1). Isibalo sabantu abaneminyaka engu-80 noma ngaphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi siphindaphindeke kathathu phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050 ukuze sifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-426.
Nakuba lokhu kushintsha kokusatshalaliswa kwenani labantu bezwe kuye kubantu abadala - okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwabantu - kwaqala emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu (isibonelo e-Japan amaphesenti angama-30 abantu kakade aneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 ubudala), manje aphansi futhi aphakathi- amazwe anemali engenayo abhekana noshintsho olukhulu kakhulu. Ngo-2050, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni engama-60 bazophila emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi.
Kuchaza ukuguga
Ezingeni lebhayoloji, ukuguga kubangelwa umthelela wokuqoqwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokulimala kwamangqamuzana namangqamuzana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kancane kancane kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, ingozi ekhulayo yezifo futhi ekugcineni nokufa. Lezi zinguquko azinamugqa noma aziguquki, futhi zihlotshaniswa ngokukhululekile neminyaka yomuntu ngeminyaka. Ukwehluka okubonwa ebudaleni akwenzeki nje. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguga kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izinguquko zokuphila njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukuthuthela ezindlini ezifaneleka kakhulu kanye nokufa kwabangane nozakwethu.
Izimo zempilo ezijwayelekile ezihlobene nokuguga
Izimo ezivamile ebudaleni zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ama-cataract kanye namaphutha e-refractive, ubuhlungu beqolo nentamo kanye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo esingamahlalakhona se-pulmonary obstructive, isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka nokuwohloka komqondo. Njengoba abantu bekhula, kungenzeka ukuthi bathole izimo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Iminyaka yobudala iphinde ibonakale ngokuvela kwezifunda zezempilo eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-geriatric syndromes. Ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wezinto eziningi eziyisisekelo futhi zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka, ukungakwazi ukuzithiba komchamo, ukuwa, i-delirium kanye nezilonda zengcindezi.
Izici ezithonya ukuguga okunempilo
Impilo ende iletha namathuba, hhayi nje kubantu abadala nemindeni yabo, kodwa nasemiphakathini yonkana. Iminyaka eyengeziwe inikeza ithuba lokuphishekela imisebenzi emisha efana nemfundo eqhubekayo, umsebenzi omusha noma intshiseko ekade inganakwa. Abantu abadala nabo banikela ngezindlela eziningi emindenini nasemiphakathini yabo. Nokho izinga lala mathuba neminikelo lincike kakhulu esicini esisodwa: impilo.
Ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi ingxenye yempilo enempilo enhle isalokhu ingashintshile, okusho ukuthi iminyaka eyengeziwe inempilo ebuthaka. Uma abantu bengathola le minyaka eyengeziwe yokuphila benempilo enhle futhi behlala endaweni esekelayo, ikhono labo lokwenza izinto abaziqakathekisayo lizohluka kancane kwelomuntu osemusha. Uma le minyaka eyengeziwe ibuswa ukwehla kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, imiphumela kubantu abadala nasemphakathini iba mibi kakhulu.
Nakuba okunye ukwehluka kwezempilo yabantu asebekhulile kuwufuzo, okuningi kungenxa yezindawo zabantu ezingokwenyama nezenhlalo - okuhlanganisa amakhaya abo, izindawo ezingomakhelwane, nemiphakathi, kanye nezici zabo zomuntu siqu - njengobulili babo, ubuzwe, noma isimo senhlalonhle yezomnotho. Izimo abantu abahlala kuzo beseyizingane - noma ngisho nezibungu ezisakhula - kuhlanganiswe nezici zabo zomuntu siqu, zinemiphumela yesikhathi eside endleleni abaguga ngayo.
Indawo engokwenyama nengokwenhlalo ingaba nomthelela ezempilo ngokuqondile noma ngezithiyo noma izikhuthazo ezithinta amathuba, izinqumo kanye nokuziphatha kwezempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo kukho konke ukuphila, ikakhulukazi ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo nokugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi, konke kunomthelela ekwehliseni ingozi yezifo ezingathathelwana, ukuthuthukisa amandla omzimba nengqondo kanye nokubambezela ukuncika ekunakekelweni.
Izimo ezisekelayo ezingokomzimba nezokuhlalisana nazo zenza abantu bakwazi ukwenza okubalulekile kubo, naphezu kokulahlekelwa amandla. Ukutholakala kwezakhiwo zomphakathi eziphephile nezifinyeleleka kalula, kanye nezindawo okulula ukuhamba kuzo, ziyizibonelo zezindawo ezisekelayo. Ekuthuthukiseni impendulo yezempilo yomphakathi ekugugeni, kubalulekile hhayi nje ukucabangela izindlela zomuntu ngamunye nezemvelo ezithuthukisa ukulahlekelwa okuhambisana nokuguga, kodwa nalezo ezingase ziqinise ukululama, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokukhula kwengqondo.
Izinselelo ekuphenduleni ukuguga kwabantu
Akekho umuntu omdala ojwayelekile. Abanye abaneminyaka engu-80 ubudala banamandla ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo afana nabaningi abaneminyaka engu-30 ubudala. Abanye abantu bathola ukwehla okukhulu kwamakhono besebancane kakhulu. Impendulo ebanzi yezempilo yomphakathi kufanele ibhekane nalolu hlu olubanzi lwezinto abantu asebekhulile abahlangabezana nazo kanye nezidingo zabo.
Ukwehluka okubonwa ebudaleni akwenzeki nje. Ingxenye enkulu ivela endaweni yabantu ngokomzimba nangokwenhlalo kanye nomthelela wale ndawo emathubeni abo nasekuziphatheni kwezempilo. Ubudlelwano esinabo nendawo esihlala kuyo buphanjaniswa izici zomuntu siqu ezifana nomndeni esizalelwe kuwo, ubulili bethu kanye nobuhlanga bethu, okuholela ekungalinganini kwezempilo.
Abantu abadala bavame ukubhekwa njengababuthaka noma bathembele futhi bawumthwalo emphakathini. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nomphakathi wonkana, kudingeka babhekane nalezi kanye nezinye izimo zengqondo zokuntula iminyaka, ezingaholela ekubandlululweni, zibe nomthelela endleleni izinqubomgomo ezithuthukiswa ngayo kanye namathuba abantu abadala abanawo okuguga okunempilo.
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe (isb., kwezokuthutha nokuxhumana), ukufudukela emadolobheni, ukufuduka kanye nokushintsha kwezinkambiso zobulili kuthonya izimpilo zabantu asebekhulile ngezindlela eziqondile nezingaqondile. Impendulo yezempilo yomphakathi kufanele ihlole lezi zindlela zamanje neziqanjiwe futhi ifake izinqubomgomo ngendlela efanele.
Impendulo ye-WHO
I-United Nations General Assembly imemezele i-2021-2030 Ishumi Leminyaka Lokuguga Okunempilo futhi yacela i-WHO ukuthi ihole ekusetshenzisweni. Iminyaka Eyishumi Yokuguga Okunempilo ukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke okuhlanganisa ndawonye ohulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ochwepheshe, izifundiswa, abezindaba kanye nezinkampani ezizimele iminyaka eyi-10 yesenzo esihlangene, esishukumisayo nesisebenzisanayo ukuze kugqugquzelwe izimpilo ezinde nezinempilo.
Iminyaka Eyishumi yakhela phezu kwe-WHO Global Strategy and Action Plan kanye ne-United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging futhi isekela ukufezekiswa kwe-United Nations Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development kanye Nezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme.
Iminyaka Eyishumi Yokuguga Okunempilo (2021-2030) ihlose ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo kanye nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu asebekhulile, imindeni yabo kanye nemiphakathi ngokusebenzisa izenzo ezihlangene emikhakheni emine: ukushintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo, esizizwa ngayo nesiziphatha ngayo ngokuphathelene nobudala nobudala; ukuthuthukisa imiphakathi ngezindlela ezithuthukisa amakhono abantu abadala; ukuletha ukunakekelwa okudidiyelwe okugxile kumuntu kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo eziyisisekelo eziphendula abantu abadala; kanye nokuhlinzeka abantu abadala abakudingayo ngokufinyelela ekunakekelweni okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kwesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2021
